Peptide Research Guides
Straightforward reference material for South African research labs — what each compound is, what the published literature actually investigates, and how to prepare, store and handle vials correctly.
Compound research
5-Amino-1MQ Research: Studies, NNMT Inhibition & What the Data Shows
Although online research communities group it with peptides, 5-Amino-1MQ is a cell-permeable small-molecule inhibitor. It targets Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), an enzyme heavily active in fat tissue that accelerates metabolic ageing by depleting cellular NAD+.
Read guideAdipotide Research: Mechanism, Primate Data & Kidney Findings
Adipotide (FTPP, proapoptotic peptide) has a robust foundation of peer-reviewed animal trials, in-vitro tissue assays and non-human primate data. This page covers how it works, what the studies actually showed, and the kidney findings that stopped its development as a weight-loss drug.
Read guideAICAR Research: Endurance, AMPK Data & What the Studies Show
AICAR is a synthetic cell-permeable nucleoside and a direct activator of AMPK, the body's master metabolic regulator. Nicknamed the 'exercise mimetic', its literature spans cell assays, subcutaneous animal endurance trials, neuro-immunology models and human cardiac surgery data.
Read guideAOD-9604 Research: What the Studies Show
AOD-9604 is one of the few research peptides with a large, properly controlled human dataset — and the honest summary is that the fat-loss effect seen in rodents did not carry over. Here is each study, including the trial that ended its development.
Read guideBPC-157 Research: What the Studies Show
In animals, BPC-157 works like a powerhouse to rebuild tissue and cut down inflammation. In humans, early small-scale usage looks promising and safe, but we still lack the golden-standard trial data to officially prove it works or map out long-term side effects. There are no large-scale, peer-reviewed Phase I–III randomized clinical trials published for BPC-157 in major medical journals. While it is heavily studied and shows massive success in animals, human evidence is limited to small pilot studies, retrospective charts, and a recently initiated clinical trial.
Read guideCagrilintide Research: Trials, Data & What the Studies Show
Cagrilintide is a long-acting amylin analog that works through receptors GLP-1 drugs do not touch. Here is what the published monotherapy and CagriSema combination data actually report.
Read guideCJC-1295 Research: GH and IGF-1 Data from the Human Dose-Escalation Trials
A study-by-study look at CJC-1295 — the drug-affinity-complex technology behind its long half-life, and the human trials that measured its effect on GH pulsatility and IGF-1.
Read guideDSIP Research: Trials, Data & What the Studies Show
First isolated in 1977 from rabbit cerebral blood, DSIP is a nine-amino-acid neuromodulator — not a sedative. Decades of data show it reshapes sleep architecture rather than forcing unconsciousness, and the literature is as contradictory as it is interesting.
Read guideEpithalon Research: Telomerase, Pineal Regulation & the Khavinson Studies
A study-by-study look at Epithalon (AEDG) — telomerase activity in cell culture, melatonin rhythm effects and the Russian longevity cohorts.
Read guideGHK-Cu Research: Gene Expression, Wound Repair & Skin Remodelling Data
A study-by-study look at GHK-Cu — the copper tripeptide's gene-expression signature, its wound-repair models and the controlled cosmetic trials that followed.
Read guideGlutathione Research: Human Trials, Data & What the Studies Show
Glutathione is a tripeptide antioxidant found in high concentrations in nearly every human cell, especially the liver. The published human literature covers IV infusions, liposomal oral forms and topical delivery — because standard oral glutathione is heavily degraded by digestive enzymes.
Read guideGonadorelin Research: Trials, Dosing Science & What the Studies Show
Gonadorelin is a synthetic form of natural mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). It is studied for its ability to stimulate the pituitary to release luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), with the literature concentrated in human fertility, hypothalamic-pituitary diagnostic testing and veterinary reproductive protocols.
Read guideHexarelin Research: Trials, Data & What the Studies Show
Hexarelin produces the strongest acute growth hormone pulse of the GHRP class — and has a separate, GH-independent cardiac literature. The human endocrine data also documents desensitisation and off-target hormone release that shape how the compound is studied.
Read guideIpamorelin Research: Selectivity Data, Bone Studies & the Phase 3 Ileus Trials
A study-by-study look at Ipamorelin — the selectivity data that made it notable, the bone and body-composition models, and the phase 3 trials that did not meet their primary endpoint.
Read guideKisspeptin Research: What the Studies Show
Kisspeptin sits upstream of the entire reproductive axis: it acts directly on the hypothalamus to trigger gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) output, which in turn drives luteinising hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone. That upstream position is why it has been studied in sexual desire disorders, hypothalamic amenorrhoea, PCOS and hypogonadism.
Read guideKLOW Research: KPV + GHK-Cu + BPC-157 + TB-500 Blend
KLOW combines four recovery-focused peptides into one vial. This page breaks down the literature behind each component, the convenience of a blended format, and the dosing trade-offs researchers should understand.
Read guideKPV Research: Preclinical Studies, Mechanisms & What the Data Show
KPV (Lysine-Proline-Valine) is a naturally derived tripeptide fragment of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) with potent anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity in laboratory models. Note the evidence ceiling clearly: there are zero completed human clinical trials for KPV. Everything below is extrapolated from in vitro (cell culture) and in vivo (animal model) work.
Read guideLL-37 Research: Trials, Data & What the Studies Show
LL-37 is the only cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide made by the human body. The published work is largely animal-tissue and human cell-culture data. It shows powerful antimicrobial and wound-healing findings alongside well-documented autoimmune and tumour-growth signals that researchers also track.
Read guideMelanotan 1 Research: Clinical Trials, Mechanism & Safety Data
Melanotan 1 — also known as afamelanotide or MT-1 — is a linear 13-amino-acid analogue of α-MSH with a multi-decade human clinical trial record. Unlike Melanotan 2, it is highly selective for the MC1R receptor on skin pigment cells and is the research peptide that became the FDA-approved medicine Scenesse.
Read guideMelatonin Research: Clinical Trials, Nasal Delivery & Meta-Analysis Data
Melatonin has an expansive, gold-standard library of thousands of peer-reviewed human clinical trials, neuroimaging studies and meta-analyses. This page walks through the strongest data across nasal, sublingual and oral delivery, and what each study actually measured.
Read guideMOTS-c Research: What the Studies Show
MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide studied as a metabolic regulator and 'exercise mimetic'. The strongest data is animal and in-vitro, but human evaluation is now underway — here is each key study, in plain English.
Read guideNAD+ Research: Animal Data, Human Trials & What Is Actually Proven
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme, not a peptide. It is grouped with the peptide market because the intact molecule is poorly absorbed by mouth and is instead handled by injection or infusion. The research picture is unusually lopsided: an enormous, strongly positive rodent literature sitting alongside a small and far more cautious set of human trials — most of which studied precursors such as NMN and NR rather than NAD+ itself.
Read guideOxytocin Research: Human Trials, Data & What the Studies Show
Oxytocin has one of the largest peer-reviewed human trial and neuroimaging libraries of any research peptide. Nicknamed the "love hormone", it is a nine-amino-acid hypothalamic peptide — and because it degrades fast in blood and crosses the blood-brain barrier poorly, almost all brain-focused literature uses intranasal delivery.
Read guidePinealon Research: Neuroprotection, Prenatal and Geriatric Trial Data
Pinealon has a well-documented footprint in Russian and Eastern European literature, spanning human clinical tracking, animal models and in-vitro cellular assays. This page walks through what each study actually measured and how the compound was delivered.
Read guidePT-141 (Bremelanotide) Research: Phase 3 RECONNECT Trials, Mechanism & Safety Data
PT-141 (bremelanotide) — the FDA-approved medicine Vyleesi — reviewed study by study: the RECONNECT phase 3 trials, the central MC4R mechanism, and the safety caveats that shape its clinical use.
Read guideRetatrutide Research: Trials, Data & What the Studies Show
A trial-by-trial look at what the published Retatrutide literature reports — study design, participant numbers, headline outcomes and links to the sources.
Read guideSelank Research: What the Studies Show
Selank (TP-7) is a synthetic heptapeptide derived from the immunomodulator tuftsin, developed at the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It is studied for anxiolytic, nootropic and immunomodulatory activity. Selank is registered for clinical use in Russia; it is not approved by the U.S. FDA. The published literature therefore comes mainly from Russian and Eastern European research institutions.
Read guideSemaglutide Research: STEP, SELECT, FLOW & SUSTAIN Trial Data
A trial-by-trial look at the major Semaglutide clinical programmes — STEP, SELECT, FLOW and SUSTAIN — with headline numbers, study designs and source links.
Read guideSemax Research: What the Studies Show
Semax is an analogue of the ACTH(4-10) fragment that bypasses hormonal signalling and acts directly on the central nervous system. It has an unusual evidence base for a nootropic peptide: real human stroke trials alongside detailed molecular work on BDNF and gene expression.
Read guideSermorelin Research: What the Studies Show
Sermorelin is a 29-amino-acid GHRH analog with an unusually long human record — it held FDA approval as Geref before being withdrawn in 2008 for commercial and manufacturing reasons, not safety. Here is what the published work actually measured.
Read guideSS-31 Research: What the Studies Show
SS-31 — also known as elamipretide, Bendavia or MTP-131 — is one of the few mitochondrial-targeted peptides to reach large registrational human trials. The results are genuinely mixed, and the detail matters. Here is what each programme actually measured.
Read guideTB-500 Research: What the Studies Show
A study-by-study look at the TB-500 and Thymosin Beta-4 literature — the dermal wound-healing work, the phase 1 human safety trial, how the fragment is metabolised, and where the evidence runs out.
Read guideTesamorelin Research: What the Studies Show
Tesamorelin has something almost no other research peptide has: multiple large, placebo-controlled human phase III trials and a regulatory approval behind it. Here is what each landmark trial actually measured, in plain English.
Read guideThymalin Research: Human Trials, Gene Expression Data & What the Studies Show
Modern research-grade Thymalin is a synthetic peptide complex that mirrors the short polypeptide fractions originally characterised at the Khavinson Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology in St. Petersburg. The published literature covers in-vitro stem cell assays, epigenetic gene expression mapping, animal tumour studies and decades of human clinical tracking.
Read guideThymosin Alpha-1 Research: Trials, Immune Data & What the Studies Show
Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1) is a 28-amino-acid thymus peptide. As the thymus shrinks with age, native Tα1 falls, which is why it is studied in immune-aging research. The synthetic medicine form is thymalfasin (Zadaxin). It is licensed in many countries for chronic hepatitis B and related immune-support uses. This listing is not Zadaxin and is for laboratory research only.
Read guideTirzepatide Research: SURPASS & SURMOUNT Phase 3 Trial Data
A trial-by-trial look at tirzepatide — the dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist known commercially as Mounjaro and Zepbound — covering the SURPASS diabetes programme, the SURMOUNT obesity programme, cardiovascular data and the documented side-effect profile.
Read guideVIP Peptide Research: Trials, Mechanisms & What the Studies Show
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino-acid endogenous neuropeptide researched for its potent anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory and immunomodulatory properties. The literature spans respiratory failure, autoimmune disease, gut immunity and neuroimmunology.
Read guideLab practice & reference
How to Reconstitute Peptides: A Step-by-Step Lab Guide
Diluent choice, concentration maths, mixing technique and the errors that ruin a vial.
Read guidePeptide Storage and Handling: Temperature, Light and Shelf Life
Temperatures, light, freeze-thaw and what actually degrades a vial between delivery and use.
Read guidePeptide Research Glossary: Terms Explained
Every term you will meet on a Certificate of Analysis or product page, in plain language.
Read guideQuality & testing
How Peptides Lab SA handles batch verification, HPLC purity testing and third-party lab reports.
Read guideCertificates of Analysis
Download and verify independent Janoshik HPLC test reports for published peptide batches.
View COAsAll information on this page is provided for laboratory and educational reference only. Peptides Lab SA (PTY) Ltd supplies compounds strictly for in-vitro research use. Nothing here is medical advice, a dosing recommendation, or a claim of human safety or efficacy.